For every 0.1 increase in the AVDSf, the odds of mortality, DMV, and hospital LOS increased by 4.9, 2.06, and 1.43, respectively. Cross-sectional analyses at 23–24 h revealed that AVDSf > 0.25 predicts mortality and DMV ( p = 0.03 and P = 0.02 respectively) however, it did not predict prolonged hospital LOS. Over the first 24 h, mean AVDSf was significantly higher in patients who had longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (> 21 days) p = 0.02, and longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (DMV) (> 170 h) p = 0.01. One hundred and two patients were included in the study. A single-center retrospective review study of critically ill children with CHD, younger than 18 years of age admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) after undergoing surgical repair on CPB and received invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 h. This study aimed to assess and compare changes in the alveolar dead space fraction (AVDSf) in the immediate postoperative period with outcomes in children with CHD who underwent repair on CPB. Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) that have surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reflect a unique population with multiple pulmonary and systemic factors that may contribute to increased alveolar dead space and low cardiac output syndrome.
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